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       Prevention Of Gas Absorption Process

Prevention of Gas Absorption

  It is not possible to completely eliminate absorption of gas in Molten metal. Precautions that can be taken to reduce chances of gas absorption are listed below.

1) Using large of pigs as metal charge because they are less likely to be contaminate.

2) Use preheated charge

3) Keep dry all items coming in contact with metal.

4) Restrict the use of contaminated scrap.

5) Control mould moisture and volatile hydrocarbons.

6) Melt and pour at temperature as low on possible to minimize gas solubility  with affecting the fluidity of the 

7) Keep metal handling, skimming, reladling to the minimum.

8) Melt in vacuum or under slag.

9) Permit the molten metal to cool slowly in the mould so that large fraction of dissolved gases come out before the onset of solidification.

What are the methods of gas absorption? 

Gas absorption involves various methods to transfer a gas into a liquid where it is dissolved. Here are the main methods used:

Packed Towers (Packed Columns):

Structure: These are vertical columns filled with packing material such as rings, saddles, or structured packings.

Operation: The gas flows upwards through the column, while the liquid flows downwards over the packing material. The large surface area provided by the packing material enhances the contact between the gas and liquid, improving absorption.

Applications: Commonly used in the chemical industry for gas scrubbing and in air pollution control.

Plate Towers (Tray Columns):

Structure: These columns contain a series of horizontal trays or plates with perforations or bubble caps.

Operation: The gas passes up through the perforations or bubble caps, creating bubbles in the liquid that rests on each tray. This setup allows for thorough mixing and contact between the gas and liquid on each tray.

Applications: Widely used for gas-liquid operations in industries like petrochemicals and refining.

Spray Towers:

Structure: These are vertical or horizontal columns without internal packing or trays.

Operation: The liquid is sprayed into the column as fine droplets, increasing the surface area for gas absorption. The gas flows through the droplets, allowing for mass transfer.

Applications: Often used for scrubbing gases from industrial exhausts and in flue gas desulfurization.

Bubble Columns:

Structure: These are vertical columns filled with liquid.

Operation: Gas is introduced at the bottom of the column and forms bubbles as it rises through the liquid. The contact between the gas bubbles and the liquid facilitates absorption.

Applications: Used in biochemical processes, such as fermentation, and in the chemical industry for gas absorption reactions.

Membrane Contactors:

Structure: Utilize a membrane to separate the gas and liquid phases.

Operation: The gas passes on one side of the membrane, while the liquid flows on the other side. The membrane provides a large surface area for mass transfer without mixing the phases.

Applications: Applied in water treatment, CO2 capture, and other gas separation processes.

Venturi Scrubbers:

Structure: Consist of a converging-diverging section where the gas and liquid come into contact.

Operation: The gas is accelerated through a narrow throat where the liquid is introduced. The high velocity of the gas creates fine droplets of liquid, promoting efficient gas-liquid contact.

Applications: Used for removing particulate matter and soluble gases from industrial exhaust streams.

These methods vary in their design and operation but share the common goal of maximizing the contact surface area between the gas and liquid to enhance the absorption process. Each method has its specific applications depending on the nature of the gas and liquid involved, the required efficiency, and operational considerations.

What are two examples of gas absorption?

as absorption is a process where a gas is dissolved into a liquid. Two common examples of gas absorption are:

1. Carbon Dioxide Scrubbing in Industrial Processes:

Description: Carbon dioxide (CO₂) scrubbing is a method used to remove CO₂ from industrial gases, such as those produced by power plants, cement manufacturing, and other heavy industries.

Process: In this process, flue gas containing CO₂ is passed through a scrubber tower where it comes into contact with an absorbing liquid, typically an amine solution (like monoethanolamine, MEA).

Mechanism: The CO₂ reacts with the amine solution to form a weakly bonded compound, which can later be heated to release the CO₂ and regenerate the amine.

Applications: This method is widely used in carbon capture and storage (CCS) systems aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions and combating climate change.

2. Ammonia Absorption in Water Treatment:

Description: Ammonia absorption is commonly used in water treatment and industrial refrigeration processes.

Process: In water treatment, ammonia gas is absorbed by water to form an ammonium hydroxide solution.

Mechanism: When ammonia gas (NH₃) is bubbled through water (H₂O), it dissolves and reacts to form ammonium ions (NH₄⁺) and hydroxide ions (OH⁻), resulting in ammonium hydroxide (NH₄OH).

Applications: In addition to water treatment, where it helps in pH control and removal of nitrogen from wastewater, ammonia absorption is used in refrigeration systems. In industrial refrigeration, ammonia absorption systems use water as the absorbent to create a cooling effect, which is essential in various applications such as food processing and storage.

These examples illustrate the diverse applications of gas absorption in industrial processes, environmental management, and everyday technologies.

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